Sadaf Abdullazade
Title: E-Waste Management in Estonia: Profitability and Sustainable Business Models
Supervisor: Dr. Nikiforos Tsiouris
Opponent: Dr. Egert Juuse
Defense: 9 June 2025
Abstract: The rapid advancement of technology and the growing consumption of electronic devices have resulted in an exponential increase in electronic waste (e-waste) globally, with Estonia being no exception. This thesis explores the current state of e-waste management in Estonia, focusing on the profitability and potential for sustainable business models. The study evaluates the effectiveness of existing e-waste management practices, investigates the economic viability of recycling operations, and identifies challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainability in the sector. By analysing regulatory frameworks, industry trends, and local practices, the research highlights gaps in Estonia’s infrastructure and offers recommendations for improving both environmental and economic outcomes. A qualitative methodology was employed, combining in-depth, open-ended surveys with stakeholders in Estonia’s e-waste management landscape and analysis of secondary data from policy and industry sources. The findings suggest that while there is significant potential for improving profitability, particularly through innovative recycling technologies and refurbishment practices, a more integrated and scalable system is necessary to maximize economic returns and align with circular economy principles. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable e waste management in smallscale economies, offering practical insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and environmental advocates.
Keywords: e-waste management, Estonia, profitability, sustainable business models, circular economy, recycling, technology innovation, regulatory frameworks
